Hypercholesterolaemia (or hypercholesterolemia) is a condition characterized by high levels of cholesterol in the blood. Cholesterol is a waxy, fat-like substance that is necessary for the body to build cells and produce certain hormones. However, too much cholesterol in the blood can lead to the development of fatty deposits in blood vessels, which can increase the risk of heart disease, stroke, and other cardiovascular problems.
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Types of Cholesterol:
Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL) Cholesterol: Often referred to as “bad” cholesterol, high levels of LDL cholesterol can lead to plaque buildup in the arteries, increasing the risk of heart disease.
High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL) Cholesterol: Known as “good” cholesterol, HDL helps remove LDL cholesterol from the bloodstream.
Triglycerides: A type of fat in the blood that, when elevated, can also increase the risk of heart disease.
Causes of Hypercholesterolaemia:
Genetics: Familial hypercholesterolemia is an inherited form of high cholesterol.
Diet: Diets high in saturated fats, trans fats, and cholesterol can raise LDL levels.
Lifestyle: Lack of physical activity, obesity, and smoking can contribute to high cholesterol levels.
Medical Conditions: Conditions such as diabetes, hypothyroidism, and kidney disease can increase cholesterol levels.
Symptoms:
Hypercholesterolaemia often has no symptoms, which is why regular blood tests are important. In some cases, high cholesterol can lead to symptoms related to cardiovascular disease, such as chest pain (angina) or symptoms of a heart attack or stroke.
Diagnosis:
Hypercholesterolaemia is diagnosed through a blood test called a lipid panel, which measures total cholesterol, LDL, HDL, and triglycerides.
Treatment:
Lifestyle Changes: A healthy diet, regular exercise, and quitting smoking are critical components in managing cholesterol levels.
Medications: Statins, bile acid sequestrants, cholesterol absorption inhibitors, and PCSK9 inhibitors are some of the medications used to lower cholesterol levels.
Monitoring and Management: Regular follow-up with healthcare providers to monitor cholesterol levels and adjust treatment as needed.
Prevention:
Healthy Diet: Eating a diet low in saturated fats and trans fats, and rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins.
Exercise: Engaging in regular physical activity to maintain a healthy weight and improve cholesterol levels.
Avoiding Tobacco Smoke: Smoking cessation and avoiding exposure to tobacco smoke can improve HDL cholesterol levels and overall heart health.
Regular Check-Ups: Regular blood tests to monitor cholesterol levels, especially if you have risk factors such as a family history of hypercholesterolemia.
If you have been diagnosed with hypercholesterolemia or are at risk, it’s important to work with your healthcare provider to develop a plan that includes both lifestyle changes and, if necessary, medication to manage your cholesterol levels effectively.
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